base:a_sid_player_routine
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| — | base:a_sid_player_routine [2015-04-17 04:30] (current) – created - external edit 127.0.0.1 | ||
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| + | ====== A SID player routine ====== | ||
| + | By Linus Wallej (King Fisher/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | This document should really be an extensive "how do SIDplayers work?" in order to be perfect, but you cannot have everything. The following pseudo source code does not include the ability to play 4-bit samples (which is obviously easy to achieve too). | ||
| + | |||
| + | I learned how SIDplayers worked when I wrote the MIDI program for C64 called [[https:// | ||
| + | |||
| + | A note on "hard restart": | ||
| + | |||
| + | In order to play MIDI sounds "hard restart" | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== The Pseudo-Code ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | This is a simple demonstration of algorithms and priciples for a MIDI controlled SID player. | ||
| + | |||
| + | < | ||
| + | // Some (not all!) arrays that will be needed | ||
| + | int note_is_on | ||
| + | int has_macro | ||
| + | int macro_speed [3] | ||
| + | int initial_vibrato_delay [3] | ||
| + | int initial_pw_vibrato_delay [3] | ||
| + | int has_vibrato [3] | ||
| + | |||
| + | // To be called at instrument change | ||
| + | instrument_on() { | ||
| + | // Set up global registers for this instrument | ||
| + | if (instrument_has_filter) { | ||
| + | instrument_default_lo_filter -> $d415 | ||
| + | instrument_default_hi_filter -> $d416 | ||
| + | instrument_default_resonance & 0xF0 | 0x0F -> $d417 | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | 0x00 -> $d417 | ||
| + | get_instrument_filter_type() | 0x0F -> $d418 | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | // To be called at keypress | ||
| + | note_on() { | ||
| + | // The allocation assumes 3 channels only. Of course you could | ||
| + | // add exotic things like new SID emulation instances being added | ||
| + | // at will, or say two or three SIDs by default. | ||
| + | if (empty_channel_not_available && | ||
| + | user_wants_new_notes_to_punch_out_old_ones) { | ||
| + | // The note_is_on[] array is good to use for this | ||
| + | Deallocate_a_channel_offset_using_FIFO_principle() | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | if (channel = Allocate_and_fetch_channel_ok()) { | ||
| + | note_is_on[channel] = true | ||
| + | offset = fetch_channel_offset(channel) | ||
| + | fetch_default_values_for_current_instrument | ||
| + | lo_frequency_from_MIDI -> $d400 + offset | ||
| + | hi_frequency_from_MIDI -> $d401 + offset | ||
| + | if (default_waveform_is_pulse (== 0x40)) { | ||
| + | lo_default_pulsewidth -> $d402 + offset | ||
| + | hi_default_pulsewidth -> $d403 + offset | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | // Note that this byte also controls ring modulation | ||
| + | // and synchronization | ||
| + | default_waveform | 0x01 -> $d404 + offset | ||
| + | default_attack_and_decay -> $d405 + offset | ||
| + | default_sustain_and_release -> $d406 + offset | ||
| + | // add_macro_for_channel(offset) | ||
| + | if (this_instrument_has_a_waveform_macro) { | ||
| + | has_macro[channel] = true | ||
| + | // This value is relative to process frequency | ||
| + | // Default speed could be 8, see below | ||
| + | macro_speed[channel] = this_instrument_default_speed | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | if (this_instrument_has_vibrato) { | ||
| + | // This value is relative to process frequency | ||
| + | initial_vibrato_delay[channel] = | ||
| + | this_instrument_delay_before_vibrato | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | if (this_instrument_has_pulse_vibrato) { | ||
| + | // This value is relative to process frequency | ||
| + | initial_pw_vibrato_delay[channel] = | ||
| + | this_instrument_delay_before_pw_vibrato | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | // This routine to be called a reasonably high rate, say | ||
| + | // 400 Hz or so. The macro speed on a C64 is usually 50 Hz | ||
| + | // so this should be the default " | ||
| + | // macro speed is thus 8 times in a vframe (50 Hz) the | ||
| + | // highest rate I have seen in a C64 playroutine is 600 Hz. | ||
| + | note_process() { | ||
| + | for (channel=0; channel < 3; channel++) { | ||
| + | offset = fetch_channel_offset(channel) | ||
| + | if (has_macro[channel]) { | ||
| + | // delta--, default delta = 8 for 400 Hz | ||
| + | if (!macro_speed[channel]--) { | ||
| + | // Reset the divisor | ||
| + | macro_speed[channel] = this_instrument_default_speed | ||
| + | // Update waveform macro, the routine | ||
| + | // get_next_wavebyte() should retrieve a | ||
| + | // byte from a user-editable table, which | ||
| + | // can either: | ||
| + | // 1) Loop from a certain point, or | ||
| + | // 2) End with a certain waveformbyte | ||
| + | // typically these macros ARE allowed to | ||
| + | // alter also the ringmod and sync bits. | ||
| + | get_next_wavebyte() & 0xFE | | ||
| + | note_is_on[channel] ? 0x01 : 0x00 -> $d404 + offset | ||
| + | // Update arpeggio macro, only interesting | ||
| + | // if you don't use vibrato on this voice | ||
| + | // really. | ||
| + | if(!instrument_has_vibrato) { | ||
| + | // This table can loop or end. | ||
| + | // arpeggios are usually bytes which represents | ||
| + | // the number of halftones to transpose the current | ||
| + | // note UPWARDS. For example macro 0x00 0x03 0x07 | ||
| + | // creates a minor chord. | ||
| + | arp = get_next_arpeggio_byte() | ||
| + | offset_from_base_frequency_lo(arp) -> $d400 + offset | ||
| + | offset_from_base_frequency_hi(arp) -> $d401 + offset | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | get_next_arpeggio_value() | ||
| + | // The pulsewidth is typically included in | ||
| + | // the macro, if no pw_vibrato is chosen | ||
| + | if (!instrument_has_pw_vibrato) { | ||
| + | // This table can also loop or end, | ||
| + | // of course you could add a byte | ||
| + | // for $d402 also, but most c64 | ||
| + | // players don't do this. | ||
| + | get_next_pw_byte() -> $d403 + offset | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | // If the filter is not controlled by | ||
| + | // wheel, then use a macro table with same | ||
| + | // functions for this too. Also here, it | ||
| + | // is possible to use 16bit resolution, | ||
| + | // but most c64 players use only the | ||
| + | // high byte. The resonance byte is also | ||
| + | // included in most players, even though | ||
| + | // it has dangerous effects like switching | ||
| + | // filter off or on for current channel. | ||
| + | // Some will mask off the low nybble for | ||
| + | // this, which is my choice. | ||
| + | if (instrument_has_filter_on && !get_filter_cutoff_from_wheel) { | ||
| + | // This table can also loop or | ||
| + | // end. | ||
| + | get_next_filter_hi_byte() -> $d416 + offset | ||
| + | get_next_resonance_byte() & 0xF0 | 0x0F -> $d417 + offset | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | if (this_instrument_has_vibrato && !inital_vibrato_delay[channel]--) { | ||
| + | initial_vibrato_delay[channel] = 1 | ||
| + | // Update vibrato | ||
| + | // This is done by adding this instruments | ||
| + | // default addititve curve over the | ||
| + | // values in $d400/ | ||
| + | // default for this instrument should | ||
| + | // also exist if vibrato is used. | ||
| + | // In case you are not using wheels, a | ||
| + | // LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator) can be used to | ||
| + | // add a certain amplitude and period over the pulsewidth. | ||
| + | if (get_vibrato_amplitude_from_wheel) | ||
| + | amplitude = get_wheel_value() | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | amplitude = this_instrument_default_vibrato_amplitude | ||
| + | // The period will be relatie to the | ||
| + | // processing frequency period = lambda | ||
| + | if (get_vibrato_frequency_from_wheel) | ||
| + | period = get_wheel_value() | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | period = this_instrument_default_frequency | ||
| + | // update $d400/$d401 in this routine | ||
| + | // Make sure this function takes into account | ||
| + | // the current pitchweel value, if it is to be | ||
| + | // used! | ||
| + | vibrate_channel(channel, | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | if (this_instrument_has_pw_vibrato && !initial_pw_vibrato_delay[channel]--) { | ||
| + | initial_pw_vibrato_delay[channel] = 1 | ||
| + | // Update pulsewidth vibrato | ||
| + | // Similar to usual vibrato, but larger amplitude | ||
| + | // can be used. In case you are not using wheels, a | ||
| + | // LFO (Low Frequency Oscillator) can be used to | ||
| + | // add a certain amplitude and period over the pulsewidth. | ||
| + | if (get_pw_vibrato_from_wheel) | ||
| + | amplitude = get_wheel_value() | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | amplitude = this_instrument_default_pw_vibrato_amplitude | ||
| + | if (get_pw_vibrato_frequency_from_wheel) | ||
| + | period = get_wheel_value() | ||
| + | else | ||
| + | period = this_instrument_default_pw_vibrato_period | ||
| + | // update $d402/$d403 in this routine | ||
| + | pw_vibrate_channel(channel, | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | if (instrument_has_filter && get_filter_from_wheel) { | ||
| + | // Modulate filter with algorithms using sinus | ||
| + | // or sawtooth, or square wave, or read the hard | ||
| + | // value from the wheel for a TB303-like-effect. | ||
| + | get_next_filter_lo_value() -> $d415 | ||
| + | get_next_filter_hi_value() -> $d416 | ||
| + | // You can of course have separate modulation | ||
| + | // or wheel for the resonance. Remeber that it is | ||
| + | // just 4 bits though! | ||
| + | get_next_filter_resonance() | 0xF0 | 0x0F -> $d417 | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | note_off() { | ||
| + | // Nothing else should be done. See note above on "hard restart" | ||
| + | note_is_on[channel] = false | ||
| + | offset = get_offset_from_channel(channel) | ||
| + | $d412 + offset & 0xFE -> $d412 + offset | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | </ | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== Note tables ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | Unless you calculate the note values by maths (which is preferable, especially to modulate the pulsewidth and such), the following table may be useful for getting some sounds out of the 6581: | ||
| + | < | ||
| + | /* | ||
| + | * Notetable: these values represents notes on a C64 | ||
| + | * SID chip. Pick a value from each vector for correct | ||
| + | * frequency parameters, note_hi[x] = $d400, note_lo[x] = $d401 | ||
| + | * The numbers in the C64 hardware reference manual are simply | ||
| + | * WRONG. Index 0 = C-0, index 36 = C-3 (flat C), | ||
| + | * index 57 = A-4 (flat A), index 95 = A-7 (last B in octave 8 | ||
| + | * is not possible to replay with c64) | ||
| + | * | ||
| + | * Public Domain - Linus Walleij 2001 | ||
| + | */ | ||
| + | |||
| + | unsigned char note_hi[95] = { | ||
| + | 0x01, | ||
| + | 0x01, | ||
| + | 0x02, | ||
| + | 0x02, | ||
| + | 0x04, | ||
| + | 0x05, | ||
| + | 0x08, | ||
| + | 0x0b, | ||
| + | 0x10, | ||
| + | 0x17, | ||
| + | 0x20, | ||
| + | 0x2e, | ||
| + | 0x41, | ||
| + | 0x5c, | ||
| + | 0x83, | ||
| + | 0xb9, | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | unsigned char note_lo[95] = { | ||
| + | 0x16, | ||
| + | 0x73, | ||
| + | 0x0d, | ||
| + | 0xe7, | ||
| + | 0x1b, | ||
| + | 0xce, | ||
| + | 0x36, | ||
| + | 0x9d, | ||
| + | 0x6d, | ||
| + | 0x3a, | ||
| + | 0xda, | ||
| + | 0x75, | ||
| + | 0xb4, | ||
| + | 0xeb, | ||
| + | 0x68, | ||
| + | 0xd6, | ||
| + | } | ||
| + | |||
| + | </ | ||
base/a_sid_player_routine.txt · Last modified: 2015-04-17 04:30 by 127.0.0.1